in CNC machine tools, the maintenance of the auxiliary control hydraulic system failure

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 in CNC machine tools, the maintenance of the auxiliary control hydraulic system failure and repair hydraulic transmission of hydraulic and pneumatic] plays a very important position, machining centers, automatic tool exchange system (ATC), the tray automatically switching system, the balance of spindle box gearshift spindle gear box and the rotary table clamping is generally used hydraulic system. It drive control object can be seen from Figure 8-12. Machine hydraulic equipment is a continuum, consisting of mechanical, hydraulic, electrical and instrumentation and analysis system failure must be made clear before the drive principle of the entire hydraulic system, structural features, then based on the phenomenon of failure to determine to determine the area, location, that a component. Is always by the hydraulic system pressure, flow, flow direction, in accordance with these characteristics to identify the causes and timely excluded. The main causes of failure are generally there are only three situations: First, defective design or unreasonable; operation installed incorrectly, so that parts, components not functioning properly; Third, use, maintenance and improper maintenance. The former failure must be fully analyzed, modified, improved, failure of the latter t wo can solve with the method of repair and adjustment.

Characteristics of the hydraulic system failure

   Equipment commissioning phase of the high failure rate, the problems are more complex, characterized by the design, manufacture, installation and management issues are intertwined. In addition to the mechanical, electrical, general hydraulic system failure: 1) connector junction leakage.

2) the velocity instability.

3) valve heart stuck or movement is not flexible, resulting in the failure of the implementation of the agency action.

4) the damping holes blocked, resulting in unstable system pressure or pressure tune up.

5), the valve element leakage spring-loaded seals, or pipeline to take the wrong make the action confusing.

6) design, improper selection and make the system heat, or incoordination, positional accuracy fail to meet requirements.

7) Hydraulic processing of po or quality, or poor quality of the installation, causing the valve action is not flexible.

8) Long-term work, seals aging, as well as the wear of consumable components, resulting in the increase of internal and external leakage in the system, system efficiency is decreased.

Common failure of hydraulic components and rule out a hydraulic pump failure Hydraulic Pump Gear pumps, vane pumps, etc., the following gear pump, for example about the faults and their diagnosis. The gear pump is the most common failures are wear and tear on the pump and gear pump crack and mechanical damage. The above situation is generally required major repairs or replacement parts. Common fault in the machine running, the gear pump: noise and pressure fluctuations; the amount of oil: normal hydraulic pump or killed phenomenon. (1) serious noise and pressure fluctuations may be the reasons for and exclude 1) pum p filter blocked by dirt can not play the Lvyou the role: clean cleaning oil filter to remove dirt.

2) the shortage of oil level, oil absorption position is too high, the suction tube surface exposed oil: fuel oil standard position, lower oil absorption position.

3) on both sides of the pump body and pump cover and paper pad; pump and pump cover and vertical seal: rotation between the inhalation of air: pump and pump cover joining pad of paper; pump emery grinding plate, the pump body and pump cover and the vertical error of less than 0.005mm, fastening the coupling of the pump body and pump cover, there is no leakage.

4) the driving shaft of the pump and motor coupling. Heart, distort the concentricity of the friction: Adjusting the pump and motor coupling, so that error does not exceed 0.2mm.

5) pump gears meshing accuracy is not enough: research gear to gear engagement precision.

6) shaft oil seal skeleton off the pump seal: replace qualified pump shaft oil seal. (2) The oil shortage of the possible causes and troubleshooting 1) axial clearance and radial clearance is too large: to cause wear and tear on both sides of the gear of the gear pump end bearing ring during rotation relative Games axial clearance and parts must be replaced when the radial gap is too large. 2) the pump cracks and pores leaks: pump cracks need to replace the pump body, pump body and pump cover, to join the paper pad, tighten the screws of all the joint. 3) the oil viscosity is too high, or high oil temperature: 20 # mechanical oil to choose a suitable temperature, generally 20 # total loss system oil for 10 ~ 50oC temperature, operates three shifts, the cooling device should be installed. 4) motor reversal: correct motor rotation direction. 5) filter dirt, pipe is not smooth: to remove dirt, replace the oil, to keep the oil clean. 6) The pressure valve failure: repair or replace the pressure valve. (3) the hydraulic pump does not operate properly or killed by the phenomenon of the possible reasons for and exclude 1) shaft to the gap and radial gap is too small: axial, radial gap is too small should be replacement parts and adjust the axial or the diameter backlash. 2) needle rotation is not flexible: replace the needle bearing. 3) The cover and shaft concentricity bad: Replace the cover, it concentric to the axis. 4) The pressure valve failure: check the pressure valve spring is failure, body holes are clogged dirt slide valve and the valve failure; replace the spring, remove the dirt of the valve body holes or change the slide valve. 5) between the pump and motor coupling concentricity is not enough: the adjustment of the pump shaft and motor coupling concentricity, so that error does not exceed 0.20mm. 6) pump impurities: iron legacy may be in the assembly, or inhalation of im purities in oil; total loss system oil, of fine copper wire mesh filter to remove dirt

Two. Common possible causes of the failure of the overall multi-way valve and Troubleshooting (1) less than 1) pressure relief valve set pressure is low: Adjust the pressure relief valve.

2) the relief valve of Sliding Valves death: apart cleaning and re-assembly.

3) pressure regulator spring damage: Replacement of new products.

4) loss of line pressure is too large: the replacement of piping, or pressure relief valve in the allowable range of pressure adjustment. (2) a lack of fuel) system oil: Check the oil source. 2) The valve leakage volume to be handled as follows: If the oil temperature is too high, the viscosity decreased, should be taken to reduce oil temperature measures; such as oil improperly, you should replace the oil; slide va lve and valve line with the gap is too , it should be replaced with new products. (3) reset the failure of the damage and deformation of the return spring, and replaced with new products. (4) The external leakage 1) Y-ring is damaged, replace the product. 2) The port installation flange seal is bad. Check the corresponding parts of the fastening and sealing. 3) combined with surface screws, the regulator screw back the cap loose or clogged, fastening the corresponding parts.

3. Electromagnetic valve common possible causes of failure and exclusion (1) slide valve action is not flexible and bad: 1) The slide valve is pulled open the cleaning or dressing slide valve and the valve hole glitch and bad drawing surface. 2) distortion of body: to adjust the pressing force of the mounting screws installation torque shall not be greater than the specified value. 3) reset spring break: replace the spring. (2) poor electromagnetic coil burn 1) coil insulation: replace the ele ctromagnet 2) the voltage is too low: using the voltage should be in more than 90% of the rated voltage. 3) working pressure and flow rate exceeds the specified value: to adjust the working pressure, or higher performance of the valve. 4) back to the oil pressure is too high: Check the back pressure, the following shall be the specified value 16MPa.

4. Hydraulic cylinder failure and Troubleshooting


(1) external oil spill 1) piston rod bumps Picking: very fine sandpaper or Whetstone grinding, can not repair, and replacement parts. 2) dust seals being squeezed and anti-lips: open checking and re-update. 3) piston and rod seal wear and damage: Replace with new seals. 4) hydraulic cylinders poor installation centering the piston rod out difficult: Remove to check whether the installation location to meet the requirements. (2) piston rod crawling and creeping 1) hydraulic cylinder into the air or oil b ubble: Loosen the connector, the air discharge. 2) of hydraulic cylinder mounting location offset: installation must be checked to make and host the direction of motion parallel. 3) piston rod length and the local bending: the straightness error of the piston rod full-length correction should be less than or equal to 0.03/100mm or replace piston. 4) tank corrosion or strain. Removing rust and burrs, and severe, replace the cylinder.